Publications

The Arab uprising has attracted enormous attention in the literature. The paper argues that the conflict in Syria is not sectarian in its origin and is rather a class-based conflict. This paper highlights the role of housing in social unrest. The combination of vertical disparity (income inequality) and horizontal disparity (housing affordability) has generated a bipolar socioeconomic-spatial class structure and a is fertile ground for social unrest. Education and lack of employability among the youth has played the role of “accelerators” and enhanced the formation of a new form of citizenship of rejection rather than replacement.