Image Description

List of Publications by Department for the Academic Year Methodology Towards Near 100% Solar Fraction Heating System: Lebanon Case Study

Abstract

The present paper investigates the performance of a solar heating system using phase change material as thermal storage to reach near-zero heating energy buildings. The system configuration involves evacuated tube solar collectors, a high-temperature heat pump powered by photovoltaic panels, and storage tanks containing phase change material. A case study was conducted on a residential structure in Lebanon, covering an occupied area of 220m² (2368.06 ft²). Using “Design Builder”, a simulation software, the study modeled a conventional heating system with boilers and assessed hourly heating load variations throughout the year, determining an annual thermal heating energy needed of 16.343 MWh (55.76 MBtu/h). A detailed description was given of the operational strategy and control methods. It clarified the sequence of drawing energy primarily from the evacuated tube. In cases of inadequate solar energy, the additional energy needed would be furnished by the PV-driven heat pump. The hot phase change material was introduced to address both the hourly variations in solar irradiance and the required heating load. The system's components were coded into a mathematical model using “Visual Basic”. Employing the “Hooke and Jeeves” optimization algorithm, the study established optimal parameters having a solar fraction equal to 1. In conclusion, the conducted life cycle assessment reveals that embracing a 100% solar fraction would enable year-round heating energy provision without reliance on supplementary energy sources. The most favorable configuration consisted of the following components: 65 m² (10.76 ft²) evacuated tube solar collectors, 50 PV panels, a 25.341 kW (86,467 Btu/h) heat pump, and a 7.06m³ thermal storage for hot phase change material. The decrease in energy consumption concurrently led to a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions, amounting to an annual 20.45 Tons (40,900 lb). A feasibility study indicates an estimated payback period of approximately 7 years.

Journal/Conference Information

The Sixth International Conference on Efficient Building Design Materials and HVAC Equipment Technologies,Conference Type: International, ISBN: 978-1-955516-93-8, Organized By: ASHRAE American Society for Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers, Proceeding Format: Electronic editions, Conference Date: 11/07/2024,