Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the key antioxidant enzyme against mitochondrial superoxide radicals. Several studies investigated the association between the Ala 16 Val MnSOD polymorphism and diabetes and diabetic complications in different populations including retinopathy, nephropathy and cardiovascular complications. The current study investigated the association of the MnSOD Ala 16 Val polymorphism and the susceptibility to type II diabetes and/or its complications in the Lebanese population. Sixty Lebanese patients with type II diabetes and 40 healthy control subjects were included in this study. The MnSOD Ala 16 Val polymorphism was detected by sequencing using a specific primer. Three genotypes were obtained: CC, CT and TT. Data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS (version 18). Genotype and allelic frequencies are presented as percentages and were computed and tested by Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Comparing genotype distributions between control subjects and type II diabetic patients showed that the Val/Val genotype was significantly increased in type II diabetic patients. The Ala/Val genotype was the most common genotype in both control subjects and type II diabetic patients. The Val/Val genotype was the least common in control subjects while the Ala/Ala genotype was the least common in type II diabetic patients. In summary, this study revealed that the Ala 16 Val polymorphism of the MnSOD gene could be associated with the susceptibility to type II diabetes. This polymorphism can be associated as well with the development of cardiovascular complications in female diabetic patients but not in males.