Aim: To evaluate the influence of three lighting conditions on the accuracy of tooth shade matching. Materials and methods: Ten prosthodontists participated in this study after being tested for color deficiency using Ishahara’s tests. Ten patients were selected for shade matching procedure. Shade of tooth 11 were taken under three lighting conditions (incandescent light, fluorescent light and hand-held full spectrum light). Using spectrophotometer (Easy Shade, VITA Zahnfabrik H, Germany), shade of tooth 11 was recorded as control. Delta E was calculated for each reading according to the CIE L*a*b* formula, between visually and digitally recorded shades. Results: The percent of correct color matching choices with Incandescent light scored the highest number of correct color matching (15), followed by hand-held full spectrum light (7) then fluorescent light (6). Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in shade matching under the three light sources (P Value = 0.0006). One-way ANOVA revealed significant difference between fluorescent light and incandescent light (P Value= 0.039) while no significant difference was found among other groups. Conclusion: Different lighting conditions affect color-matching procedure. Hand-held full spectrum light did not improve shade-matching procedure. Incandescent light showed better lighting condition than both fluorescent light and Hand-held full spectrum light. Keywords: Shade matching, Light source, Shade guide, incandescent light, fluorescent light, hand-held full spectrum light, digital shade analysis, spectrophotometer.